The Theme Of Blindness In King Lear Essays - King Lear,

The Theme of Blindness in King Lear In the disaster King Lear, the term visual impairment has an altogether extraordinary significance. It's anything but a physical blemish, however the failure of the characters to utilize their considerations and feelings to see an individual for whom they really are. They can just peruse what is introduced to them on a superficial level. Lord Lear, Gloucester and Albany are three prime models characters who endured most by having this defect. Lear was by a wide margin the blindest of the three. Since Lear was the King, one would anticipate that him should have amazing thinking aptitudes, yet his absence of understanding shielded him from settling on shrewd decisions. This is the defect that prompted his ruin. Lear's first serious mix-up was leaving himself alone tricked by Regan and Goneril, and giving them his seat. For they didn't cherish him by any stretch of the imagination, he was unable to comprehend the profundity of Cordelia's affection for him. He exiled her from the realm without one idea to what she had said. Lear's final words to the main little girl that really adored him were; .....for we/have no such little girl, nor will we ever observe/that face of hers again. Along these lines be gone/without our effortlessness, our adoration, our benison. (Shakespeare 1, 1. 262-265) Lear's visual deficiency likewise made him exile Kent, one of his most steadfast devotees. Kent attempted to face Lear in Cordelia's respect, however Lear would not tune in to what Kent was attempting to let him know. To Kent's resistance; This revolting thoughtlessness, answer my life, my judgment,/Thy most youthful little girl doesn't adore thee least; ( 1,1. 150-151) Lear reacted with, Kent on thy life, no more. ( 1, 1, 154) Out of my sight! ( 1, 1. 157) This is a genuine case of Lear's absence of understanding. He was by and large too difficult to even consider seeing that Kent was just attempting to do what was best for Lear. After Kent had been ousted, he kept on serving Lear, by wearing a camouflage. In view of Lear's absence of sight he was unable to see through the outfit. As the play advanced Lear's rational soundness went downhill, yet his vision became more clear. When Goneril and Regan would not furnish him with cover during an incensed tempest, Lear understood that they were the little girls who didn't cherish him. He additionally started to comprehend the expressions of Cordelia from the earliest starting point of the play, he understood that she adored him an excessive amount to articulate. At the point when Lear and Cordelia at last rejoined close to the furthest limit of the play, Lear communicated his distress for what he had done. You should hold on for me, I implore you currently, overlook and pardon:/I am old an absurd. ( 4, 7. 82 ) But it was past the point of no return, Lear's thoughtlessness and failure to see obviously had just cost him, and Cordelia their lives. Lear was not by any means the only character to experience the ill effects of visual impairment, Gloucester as well, had absence of understanding. He was unable to see the decency of his child Edgar, and the fiendishness of Edmund. A produced letter was the main proof expected to persuade Gloucester that Edgar was plotting to murder him. Following perusing the letter Gloucester shouts in an anger; O miscreant, scalawag! His very assessment in the/letter! Detested scalawag! Unatural, delested, brutish/miscreant! More terrible than brutish! Go, sirrah, look for him; I'll/catch him. Terrible scoundrel! Where is he? (1, 2. 75-78 ) He didn't stop to consider if Edgar could do something like this. Amusingly, it isn't until Gloucester loses his physical sight, when his vision turns out to be clear. He discovers that it was truly Edmund who was after his earldom. Gloucester feels remorseful for the way that he rewarded Edgar, which is evident when he says; I have no chance and consequently I need no eyes;/I lurched when I saw. Full oft ?tis seen, our methods secure us, and our negligible deformities. Demonstrate our wares. Ok! dear child Edgar;/The food of thy mishandled fathers anger;/Might I yet live to see thee in my touch,/I'd state I had eyes once more. ( 4, 1. 18-24 ) Starting here on Gloucester figures out how to see unmistakably by utilizing his heart rather than his eyes. At the point when Lear questions

Business Analysis. Introduction to data modeling

Before you plunk down before the console and begin making a database application, it is important that you make a stride back and think about your business issue ?for this situation, the kitchen flexibly situation introduced in Lesson 2-? from a reasonable perspective. To encourage this procedure, various applied demonstrating methods have been created by PC researchers, therapists, and specialists. For our motivations, we can think about a reasonable model as an image of the Information framework we are going to manufacture. To utilize a similarity, reasonable models are to Information frameworks what outlines are to buildings.There are a wide range of theoretical demonstrating strategies utilized practically speaking. Every strategy utilizes an alternate arrangement of images and may concentrate on an alternate piece of the issue (e. G. , information, forms, data streams, objects, etc). Notwithstanding contrasts in documentation and center, nonetheless, the hidden justification for applied displaying procedures is consistently the Michael Bryon ([emailâ protected] Ca) Last update: 02-May-01 1 of 23 An Introduction to information demonstrating Introduction: The significance of theoretical 3. 1. 1. 1 Entities and characteristics What is information modeling?A information model is an essentially a graph that portrays the most significant â€Å"things† in your business condition from an information driven perspective. To delineate, consider the basic RED appeared in Figure 3. 1 . The motivation behind the graph is to depict the connection between the information put away about items and the information put away about the associations that flexibly the items. FIGURE 3. 1: A RED demonstrating a connection among items and providers. The square shapes in Figure 3. 1 are called element types (normally abbreviated to â€Å"entities†) and the ovals are called attributes.The elements are the â€Å"things† in the business condition about which we nee d to store information. The traits give us a methods for sorting out and organizing the information. For instance, we have to store certain data about the items that we sell, for example, the common selling cost of the item (â€Å"Unit price†) and the amount of the item as of now in stock (â€Å"Sty on hand†). These bits of information are qualities of the Product element. Note that the exact way wherein information are utilized and prepared inside a specific business application is a different issue from information modeling.For model, the information model says nothing regarding how the estimation of â€Å"Sty on hand† is changed after some time. The spotlight in information displaying is on catching information about the earth. You will figure out how to change this information (e. G. Procedure arranges with the goal that the stock qualities are refreshed) when you have aced the specialty of database plan. Item Unit value Sty close by Product Entity provided via Cardinality Attributes Supplier Relationship Name Address An information displayed accept that if the correct information is accessible, different components of the application will become alright easily and magnificently. For the present, this is a decent working assumption.Introduction: The significance of calculated condition where your discount organization works. In any case, it is anything but difficult to envision an alternate situation in which every item is provided by numerous providers. For instance, numerous providers may convey a specific brand of wire whisk. At the point when you come up short on whisks, it is dependent upon you to choose where to submit your request. At the end of the day, it is conceivable that a many-to-numerous relationship exists among providers and items. On the off chance that various provider exist, properties of the item, for example, its cost and item number may shift from provider to supplier.In this circumstance, the information necessi ties of a many-tomato condition are somewhat more mind boggling than those of the one-to-numerous condition. On the off chance that you structure and actualize your database around the one-to-numerous supposition however hen find that specific products are provided by different providers, much exertion will be required to fix the issue. Notwithstanding substances and traits, Figure 3. 1 shows a connection between the two elements utilizing a line and a precious stone. The relationship build is utilized ?as anyone might expect ?to demonstrate the presence or nonappearance of a connection between entities.A crows foot at either cut off of an association line is utilized to mean the cardinality of the relationship. For instance, the crow's foot on the item side of the relationship in Figure 3. 1 demonstrates that a specific provider may give your organization in general various items, for example, bowls, spatulas, wire whisks, etc. The nonappearance of a crow's foot on the provider sid e demonstrates that every item in your stock is given by a solitary provider. In this way, the relationship in Figure 3. 1 shows that you generally purchase all your wire speeds from a similar organization. . 1. 1. 3 Modeling presumptions The relationship appeared in Figure 3. 1 is called one-to-many: every provider supplies numerous items (where numerous methods â€Å"any number including zero') however every item is provided by one provider (where â€Å"one† implies â€Å"at generally one†). The choice to utilize a nee-to-numerous relationship mirrors a suspicion about the business Herein lies the purpose of drawing a RED: The graph makes your presumptions about the connections inside a specific business condition express before you begin building things. The job of the demonstrated 3. 1. 1. In the earth utilized in these instructional exercises, you are the client, the planner, and the implementer A prologue to information demonstrating of the framework. In an incr easingly practical condition, be that as it may, these jobs are played by various people (or gatherings) with various (developers, database pros, etc) is that they only sometimes leave their busbies to speak with end-clients of the product they are composing. Essentially, it is commonly protected to accept that clients have no enthusiasm for, or comprehension of, low-level specialized subtleties, (for example, the cardinality of connections on Reds, instruments to authorize referential uprightness, thus on).Thus, it is up to the business investigator to connect the correspondence hole between the various gatherings associated with the development, use, and organization of a data framework. As a business investigator (or all the more by and large, a creator), it is important that you stroll through your calculated tons with clients and ensure that your displaying suspicions are suitable. Now and again, you may need to look at test information from the current PC based or manual frame work to decide if (for example) there are any items that are provided by various suppliers.At the displaying stage, making changes, for example, changing over a one-to-numerous relationship to a many-to-numerous relationship is paltry ? all that is required is the expansion of a crows foot to one Introduction: The significance of calculated finish of the relationship, as appeared in Figure 3. 2. Interestingly, making a similar change once you have actualized tables, lilt a UI, and composed code is a tedious and disappointing task. FIGURE 3. 2: A RED for a domain where there is a many-to-numerous connection among items and suppliers.Product Unit value Sty available The expansion of a subsequent crows foot changes the one-to-numerous relationship into a many-to-numerous relationship. Provider Generally, you can depend on the lox general guideline when building programming: the expense of rolling out an improvement increments by a request for size for each phase of the frameworks advan cement way of life that you complete. A prologue to information demonstrating Introduction: The significance of calculated 3. 1. 2. 1 Entities 3. 1 . 2 Data spies commonly receive a lot of notational shows so their outlines are consistent.For model, huge IT associations and consultancies regularly embrace a strategy ?a lot of instruments and methods for applying the devices that indicates the documentation utilized inside the association. Upholding normalization along these lines encourages cooperation on enormous ventures. Essentially, if an electronic programming building (CASE) instrument is utilized for applied demonstrating and structure, notational shows are frequently upheld by the product. What follows is a short rundown of the notational shows that I use when drawing Reds.Keep as a top priority, in any case, that Reds are as a matter of first importance an instrument for correspondence between people. All things considered, the exact documentation you use isn't especially s ignificant insofar as individuals can peruse and comprehend the graphs. With experience, you will come to understand that distinctions looking like the cases and lines have little impact on the center ideas of information demonstrating. Substances are drawn as rectangular boxes containing a thing in solitary structure, as appeared in Figure 3. 3. FIGURE 3. 3: An element named â€Å"Customer†. CustomerYou will see later that every element you attract at last turns into a table your database. You should remember this change from element to table while choosing the names of your elements. For instance, your substance names ought to be short however illustrative. 3. 1. 2. 2 Relationships A connection between elements is drawn as a line separated by a precious stone. The precious stone contains an action word (or short action word state) that depicts the idea of the connection between the elements, as appeared in Figure 3. 4. Named connections are utilized to make the Reds more re adable.However, dissimilar to element names, relationship Ames never appear in the last database. Thus, it doesn't generally make a difference how you name your connections, as long It can be contended that the term â€Å"method† is syntactically best. In Europe, for instance, the term â€Å"method† will in general be supported. Presentation: The significance of reasonable Generally, Reds make certain suspicions about the peruser's information on the hidden business area. FIGURE 3. 4: A relationship named â€Å"buys†. As the marks make the outline simpler to interpret.To represent, think about t

Iran and Nuclear Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Iran and Nuclear Power - Essay Example In spite of the fact that the storing of such weapons has been supported by numerous nations, quite the U.S., just like an obstacle for war, the perils related with the utilization of atomic weaponry has been noisily trumpeted by government officials, researchers, researchers and most of the world’s residents the same. Notwithstanding the recently referenced five nations considered ‘nuclear weapons states,’ and those that have tried or are associated with having atomic weapons, different nations including the Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus and South Africa have had atomic capacity yet have since incapacitated. Different nations including Argentina, Brazil, Iraq, Algeria and Libya have sought after an atomic program before. Israel will affirm of deny that they have atomic weapons capacities (Reuters, 2005) The most recent nations to seek after atomic weapons ability is North Korea and Iran. Despite the fact that North Korea marked the Nuclear Non-expansion Treaty in 1985, it pulled out of the settlement in 2003. In October of 2006, North Korea reported it had effectively tried an atomic weapon at an underground site close the country’s east coast. This sent political and strategic shockwaves around the globe however the test itself was regarded rather unspectacular. Iran reported i n April of a year ago that it had the capacity to advance uranium which is a fundamental stage really taking shape of an atomic weapon. In any case, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has unflinchingly asserted that Iran just designs to utilize atomic innovation for serene purposes and expects to proceed with advancement on an a lot bigger scope. Following this declaration, the UN Security Council has advanced a goals which, in actuality, demands that Iran should quickly cease any improvement exercises (â€Å"The Nuclear Club†, 2006). Some propose that Iran isn't heightening the over the top talk or forceful activities since it has

Description of Chris McCandless - Free Essay Example

Chris starts off his adventure driving but ends up leaving his car because it was damaged in a flash flood. Chris doesnt even think of asking for help with his car, he just ditches it. He then becomes a hitchhiker and walks along the road for miles. He ends up meeting many nice people and even ends up staying with them for a little while. They are very supportive and encourage him on his journey. Chris leaves all of them behind without even hesitating, his emotions are all set on beating his quest of making it to Alaska. Chris also leaves in the middle of the night so he doesnt have to deal with the emotions regarding them. He said himself that he needed to evade the impending threat of human intimacy Chris had many emotional problems growing up in his family. His family had money but that didnt solve any of their personal problems. His family would always get into arguments and his dad even ended up hitting his mom sometimes. Chris sister was normal and they could talk to each other about anything. Chris left her alone and she was forced to deal with her family problems by herself. Chris didnt even think about what would happen after he left which is crazy. Chris McCandless even knew at some points that there was a chance of him dying. If this adventure proves fatal I just want to let you know that you are a great man, I know walk Into The Wild. He didnt even care that he had a chance at dying, he just kept pursuing his goals and not looking back. Its interesting that Chris will do anything to achieve his goals, even if that means death. A huge impact about his story is how he went completely unprepared. Chris was very book smart but he had no street knowledge. He didnt bring any supplies that would greatly help him in his trip to Alaska. There are a lot of factors in this wilderness that he didnt prepare for like it being so cold, his food situation, predators, and the changing of seasons. Chris didnt think to himself that the river he usually crosses would eventually fill up higher and have a stronger current. He also made a bad decision of leaving the moose he killed out. These are just some of the factors of how Chris McCandless was unprepared and had little knowledge of what he was doing. If Chris did up finding that bus that was supposed to be used for hunters he probably wouldve died a lot sooner. In that bus he had shelter, warmth, and protection from predators. Chris meet a man named Franz on the way to Alaska. Franz gave him tools and took him under his wing for awhile. They taught each other things in life that many people dont even realize. Chris said something very inspiring to Franz, Happiness [is] only real when shared. Franz also gave Chris a ride about 100 miles to a good destination so that he would be able to make it to Alaska. There is a small chance that Chris would have made it to Alaska without the help of Franz. Right before Chris gets out of the car Franz says that he would like to adopt Christ. All Chris says is can we talk about this when I get back from Alaska. This is a very shallow thing to say to someone after all of the help that they have given to you. The tools that Franz gave to Chris werent even shown being used in the movie. Chris is extremely arrogant for these things. When Chris finally gets to Alaska he is extremely happy and he thinks that he is just going to live freely and go on with his life. Chris was extremely wrong for thinking this and ends up having some rough times there. Chris went into his adventure and had no idea what he was doing. He ends up completely running out of food and couldnt find any animals for hunting. Chris decided he is going to look for plants so he could mix them all together and make some food. Chris messes up at the end and ends up picking a poisonous plants. Chris eats the plant and ends up receiving some deadly side effects. The poisonous berries he ends up eating start to kill him. It leads to him starving and eventually dying. A huge factor of chris being described as an arrogant lunatic is that the bus wasnt far away from civilization. When Chris figured out that he ate poisonous berries he sat around and cried. Chris couldve easy gotten out of the wild and gotten a ride to a hospital. He could have saved his life but instead he made a stupid decision of just sitting around and dying slowly and painfully. About 2 weeks later hunters found Chris body in the bus. His family was notified and they were affected greatly. The pare nts had to go on with their life knowing that they caused Chris great pain and an emotional scar. His sister had to go on with having nobody understanding her emotions like Chris did. Chris screwed up many peoples lives and only thinks about himself. Many people reached out to help him and he would always just end up abandoning them. Chris went Into The Wild unprepared and he ended up dying because of it. Chris McCandless is an arrogant lunatic because of the actions he did on his adventure to Alaska. Chris had many impacts on peoples live and he ended up just leaving all of them behind with no regards. Chris story is now well known and many people now realize that Chris McCandless had serious problems and needed help.

Limitations Of The Old Classification Regulations

Generally, an entity is taxed as either a corporation or a partnership and in the past there were major differences between the two, specifically, limited liability. The main benefit of a corporation was limited liability, while a partnership was subject to individual liability for partnership debts. Partnerships began to devise new configurations that were aimed at limiting their liability. They succeeded in creating limited partnerships, which took the main advantage of a corporation and shared that advantage with partnerships. The elimination of the limited liability distinction between corporations and partnerships came the need for a new entity classification system. However, the basis of the old classification regulations was†¦show more content†¦In the facts of the case, the Court discovered that the trustees â€Å"had authority to acquire and operate a golf course, receive the profits therefrom, make loans and investments, make regulations governing the trust, increase the number of trustees, and choose their successors. The Court further ascertained that the trust was to continue for a period of twenty-five years and would not dissolve upon the death of a trustee.† It was from these facts, that the Court decided the trust would be treated as a corporation for tax purposes. Also from this case, came the five characteristics that were used to determine if an organization was to be treated as a corporation for tax purposes in the Kintner classification regulations. Those characteristics were: (1) ability of the organization to hold title in property, (2) continuation of the organization without interruption by the death of an owner, (3) centralization of management, (4) free transferability of ownership interests, and (5) limited liability for the organization’s debts. The Kintner regulations came from the case of United States v. Kintner. In Kintner, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was to decide whether an association of doctors would receive corporate tax treatment despite the fact that the organization was a partnership for state law purposes. â€Å"The doctors structured a state law partnership to meet the definition of an association in order to take

Latino/Hispanic Americans Essay - 2557 Words

Latino/Hispanic Americans cover a much wider demographic then believed. Latino/Hispanic Americans consist of; Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Guatemalan American to name a few. Latino/Hispanic Americans are the largest ethnic group in the United States. The Latino/Hispanic culture is very different than ours. Their culture differs in economics, politics, family traditions, family structure, religion, education, language, fashion, art, music, dancing, and food. As natural born Americans in the United States it is important for us to learn about the different cultures migrating into the United States. Many United States citizens have a hard time understanding other cultures; being culturally insensitive is a common theme in the United†¦show more content†¦Many workers work in jobs that pay them under the table or in horrible conditions. â€Å"Latino households can expect to earn 70 cents to a dollar less than the average white person makes. Hispanic households make 12 c ents to a dollar less than white non-Hispanic people† (Schaefer, 2012, P. 224). With Latinos and Hispanics working under the table, they are not making as much as they would make if they were earning a paycheck legally. Since they are also sending money home to their families they have very little left of what they do earn for themselves. â€Å"Out of the last quarter century, the proportion of Latinos in poverty has been two or three times that of white non-Hispanics† (Schaefer, 2012, P. 224). With the average American battling to stay above the poverty line, more of the Latino and Hispanic communities are below it because of the financial obstacles in the way. Latino and Hispanic populations have been rapidly growing in the United States. â€Å"In 1975 congress addressed citizens with multilingual backgrounds† (Schaefer, 2012, P. 226). Many Latino and Hispanic Americans want to become legal so they can participate in the political position of being a Uni ted States citizen. Latino and Hispanic Americans want to be able to vote in upcoming elections. Since the increase in their population and the decision of congress in 1975; more ballots are being made to be English and Spanish depending on the particular country, city or state (Schaefer, 2012, P.Show MoreRelatedLatino Americans And Hispanic Americans1114 Words   |  5 PagesHispanic Americans are the largest minority group in the United States. They make up approximately 16 percent of the country s population. They are considered both an ethnic and a racial minority group. Their language, a cultural characteristic, identifies them as an ethnic minority group. Their physical appearance identifies Hispanic-Americans as a racial minority group (Healy 2012). The majority of the Hispanic American population is located in the southwest part of the country. 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Role Of Leader And Followers Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role Of Leader And Followers. Answer: This essay discusses my personal experience while I was working as a team leader in an organization. My team consisted of five members and we were responsible for managing the product launching section of the company. In that case I was solely accountable to my higher authority and played the role of leader to my followers simultaneously. However, the company needed fresh and new ideas to gain high competitive advantage therefore I maintained an open communicative as well as amiable relationship with all the team members. I took care of my speech and action so that none of my followers think that I played biased. However, I respected and admired my immediate boss and wanted to follow al his traits so that I also could be as successful leader as he. As a follower I used to observe each and every decision of my leader which he made according to the need of the situation. I believe a good follower can be a good leader as they apply what their leaders think (Wambugu 2014). Moreover, recent change in the technologies as well as culture, the dynamic followers have become powerful. The leader of my company was aware of the social circles, families, religion or other setting of the employees so that he could manage people according to their terms. It is important for a leader to have diplomatic decision making power while any kind of disagreeable situation emerge. I as a follower had learnt from my leaders how to get along with the differences without ignoring them. It is an important leadership trait because my leader could not afford to be oblivious to the different attitude in the organization. However, this needs enormous strength and courage to solve such problems and transform them into energy as well as activism. I as a leader never dominated my followers rather believed in heightening the quality of relationship with the members. I felt myself as one of the members of my team. This helped greatly in contributing new ideas, recommendations and perspectives in functioning. My team members were satisfied with the resources, information and support they needed to accomplish a task successfully (Wang et al. 2016). The most important factor of leadership I believe was keeping the fellow members motivated through every possible way (Trujillo 2014). Through proper planning, organizing, motivating and controlling the employees I supported my team members in every possible way. Following the participative leadership concept, I consulted with the members and evaluated their opinions before I made any decision. Due to this reason I was respected as well as followed by my team members. Collaboration and critical thinking are major factors where the leaders recognise the accountability and contribution of the fellow team members. As a leader I believed that I must become a good combination of ambition and patience where my vision will guide my fellow workers but allowing them to provide best ideas for business growth. I appreciated my fellows to support the success of the group. References: Trujillo, T., 2014. The modern cult of efficiency: Intermediary organizations and the new scientific management.Educational Policy,28(2), pp.207-232. Wambugu, L.W., 2014. Effects of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance (Case Study of Wartsilakipevu Ii Power Plant).European Journal of Business and Management,6(32). Wang, X.Y., Hattaf, K., Huo, H.F. and Xiang, H., 2016. Stability analysis of a delayed social epidemics model with general contact rate and its optimal control.Journal of Industrial Management Optimization,12(4), pp.1267-1285.

Mass Media’s Influence on Society Essay Example

Mass Media’s Influence on Society Essay The primary objectives of mass media are to offer information, advertisement, and entertainment. Relative to this, I will talk about the perceived and recognized influence and effect that mass media has in the society in general.   Moreover, I will explore the truth to the statement that individuals are more influenced by mass media than they think. It is a fact that nowadays, people cannot live without mass media because together with the aid of technological improvements, transmitting and conveying messages to the masses is becoming easier. For instance, we are being showered with lots of information, advertising, and other sort of materials by the various kinds of mass media, which have influence in our daily life styles. As maintained by Curran Gurevitch (2000) the issue of media’s influence or impact on society and its cultural context has frequently been deliberated upon from principal theorists to anybody with any kind of media relations. Personally, I believe that mass media does affect society, but by means of employing more varied and slight impact. Meanwhile, a number of theorists propose that it is even an issue of society shaping the media and not the more extensive and supposed report. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media’s Influence on Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media’s Influence on Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media’s Influence on Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Eldridge et al. (1997), media is considered to be a main piece within society that is frequently associated with the concept of social influence. Bandura (1994) agrees that society acknowledges and recognizes the view or thought of being influenced as an â€Å"external force,† which is the media, associating itself or linking with a personal action or point of view of the receiver. Agenda-setting function of modern mass media According to Stuart Hall, due to the fact that some of the media produce material, which frequently is serious, impartial, and good, they are accorded a high degree of respect and authority (Kosicki, 1993). However, in practice the ethic of mass media is closely associated to that of the standardized enterprise, offering a critical support for the existing order. Nevertheless, independence is not a mere cover; it is fundamental to the manner by which ideology and power are mediated in our society. The public is enticed with good TV, radio, and newspapers into an approval and recognition of the misleading, the biased, and the status quo. Kosicki (1993) asserts that the media are not, consistent with this approach, crude agents of propaganda since they systematize public understanding. Nonetheless, the general interpretations they give ultimately are those, which are most favored by, and least demanding to, those people with economic power. The long-term outcomes of this are important in cooperation with the ongoing awareness of ownership and control of the media, bringing about accusations of a â€Å"media elite† having a type of â€Å"cultural dictatorship† (Mills, 1956). Role of Mass Media in Power Struggle in Society Mills (1956) wrote in his book â€Å"The Power Elite† that the powers of ordinary men are restricted by the daily words in which they live, nevertheless even in these rounds of family, neighborhood, and job they frequently seem motivated by forces they can neither recognize nor manage. Mills (1956) said that a power elite survives in a society that is composed of three spheres. He added that these spheres are divided into political, economy, and military, with the same group of individuals interchanging between the three. This big group of elite is at the top coming up with all the decisions, whereas the masses are at the bottom, ignorant of the process that shapes public opinion. Masses within this viewpoint of society are considered immaterial and do not possess any kind of influence. According to this belief, the media works as an entertainment source, keeping the masses entertained whereas the elite is taking care of all the significant matters. This way, it hides the real ity and truth of the world from the masses. Furthermore, Mills (1956) rationalized what the media does for the masses as they divert him and complicate his opportunity to be aware of himself or his world, by means of fixing his attention upon artificial frenzies that are circled within the program structure, typically by violent action or by what is dubbed as humor. This helps elucidate how the mass media directs, attempts to manage, and influence the masses. In his book, Mills (1956) explains the influence of mass media as a kind of psychological illiteracy to the degree that we frequently do not believe what we see before us until we hear about it on the radio or we read about it in the paper. The masses’ standards of reality and standards of credulity, have a tendency to be set by these media instead of by the masses own fragmentary experience (Mills, 1956). Mass medias function helps avert the questioning of the elite. Mills (1956) added that schools, churches, and families become accustomed to modern life; governme nts, corporations and armies shape it; and, as they do so, they turn these lesser establishments into means for their ends. Meanwhile, Schudson (1978) supposed that society was grounded in the view of society, with the middle class developing and dominating. Medias relationship with its audience helped nourish them, but it did not construct the worldview. The media cannot be established to have several effects and influences on society, and the ones that subsist have to do with advertising as a cultural body. Schudson (1978) said that advertising functions more as a means of celebrating products and buying. It operates to prompt and refocus as it orients individuals to the world and let them know that others share similar opinios. Moreover, advertising reminds people about things in society and strengthens certain social trends. The cultural symbols and trends and make us conscious while at the same time reminding us of what we already know. Television Eldridge, J. et al. (1997) states that television is described as the broadcast of visual images of stationary and moving objects, usually with accompanying sound, as electromagnetic waves and the reconversion of acquired waves into visual images. As we all know, television has of a great influence in today’s world because it transmits images and as one has almost certainly heard of the saying – One picture worth’s more than thousands of words – this is a way in which TV has a major influence in the viewers. Moreover, it is an extensively held idea that the electronic mass media, predominantly television, exercises growing intellectual, social, and emotional influences and impacts on people (Trenaman McQuail, 1961). According to Pico Iyer, author and essayist for Time Magazine in his article during the May 14, 1990 issue of Time, TV consumes us much more than we do it, he talks about the incapacity of children who have grown goggled-eyed around the electronic alter (specifically, TV) to consider that anything is valid unless it comes with a laugh track.   Moreover, they also control their emotions during commercial breaks and expect to cure their sorrow with a PAUSE button. According to Bandura (1994), Mostly in the consumer habits of the public, advertising is almost certainly one the most powerful item concerning mass media. Curran Gurevitch (2000) said that every the average American sees more than 38,000 TV commercial. If we multiply that amount to 20 seconds, which are more or less the average commercial lasts will give us an outcome of 760.000 second an average American sees of commercial advertising products. So, how does this influence our consuming habits? For example, the fast food industry is a great case in point of the influence and impact of advertising in people’s consuming habits. Advertisements can greatly influence people.   For instance in the issue of consumer behavior, the problem is the advertisement, marketing and promotion of unhealthy foods.   According to critics, these advertisements are not only seen on television, but more and more on the Internet, cell phones, and video games (Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania). A lot of nutritionists assert there is sufficient evidence connecting advertising to childhood obesity. In addition, we are now faced with worldwide problem of avoidance of physical exercise, which is sometimes portrayed in advertisements. Literally speaking, people just dont move their bodies sufficiently. Some examples of these sedentary activities are refusal to walk and watching four hours of television each night. It seems that the public is not exceedingly interested in taking care of their own health, and would prefer to turn it over to medical professionals and pharmaceuticals than do their own thinking. To solve this problem, the commercial sector should market healthier foods in the same intensity as that of the less-healthy foods.   Similar strategies should be employed to market better foods, as well as advertisements.   As stressed by Sonya Grier in the article â€Å"Food Fight: Obesity Raises Difficult Marketing Questions† in the website of Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, there has to be a concerted effort across fields and across disciplines in achieving this goal.   Moreover, the way that food and physical inactivity are marketed, particularly to children, should be changed so that physical activity increases and nutrition improves.   In schools, learning regarding energy balance must be a required part of the curriculum in the elementary and secondary levels.   Furthermore, it indispensable to give children the chance for a considerable amount of physical activity when they are in school and to offer them opportunities to make healthy food options. Conceivably, the greatest opportunity and the greatest challenge to address the problem of consumer behavior and obesity are in reshaping the socio-cultural environment to make physical activity and healthy eating behaviors more normative as portrayed in advertisements and in television (Hill, Wyatt and Peters). Gerbner, G., et al. (1994) claimed that TV characters are frequently acknowledged as heroes, because of the obtaining of respect and various other rewards by means of their actions, they are particularly possible to be copied. Furthermore, the actions of TV characters might likewise serve as a sign to violent behavior, by way of stimulation, uninhibitedness, and desensitization. For instance, a violent scene in a horror movie could affect the mind of young children to imitate the violence that they have viewed. In addition, it has been noticed that obviously belligerent individuals might just desire and choose to view more violent programs than of any other kinds of films. Gerbner, G., et al. (1994) discovered that aggressive-prone kids are possible to turn out to be even more violent after watching a violent program in TV. Meanwhile, propaganda could likewise be achieved by means of television. For instance, the television coverage of the speeches of Bush regarding War on Terrorism explains that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. About year and a half shortly no weapons of mass destruction have been discovered. Nevertheless, the American citizens were convinced regarding the unconfirmed information that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction and were prepared to sue it against America. Hence, this is another example of the influence of TV on the viewers. Newspapers Curran Gurevitch (2000) asserted that newspapers are usually daily or weekly publication that includes news and opinion about current events, featuring advertising, and articles. Due to the fact that there are now approximately 9000 daily newspapers around the world, this shows that newspapers reach a wide audience worldwide, which is why newspaper is another powerful kind of mass media (Curran Gurevitch, 2000). I agree with the authors that newspapers have remarkable influence in society because they can simply affect and change people’s emotions supportive or not supportive of an issue. This is for the reason that we as readers have a propensity to believe everything that is written in the newspaper although it may possibly be the wrong information. Sometimes, newspapers give the wrong impression about information that goes to the public, which instantly influences and encourages the public to react even if they don’t know that the same media is influencing them to do act that way. Furthermore, newspapers can be very biased regarding a story. Even though a reporter has the tendency of being impartial regarding a current event, at times it is not always likely to be that way. For example, in the newspaper coverage of the Iraqi war, the American Press influenced the readers to unleash feeling of patriotism for their army, which cause feeling of discrimination and unfairness against Middle Eastern looking people Then, the construction of the news is another means in which the mass media can have an influence or impact over the masses (Eldridge et al., 1997). By means of the placement of certain aspects of, for instance, a news feature or the selective process made by editors it upholds the concept of media influence constantly. Print and television based news, due mainly to their fascination with crime and violence perhaps has a negative influence upon our societal behavior. On the other hand, I personally do not totally agree with this as I consider that normally news does not lie, apart from it does not enlighten the audience about the whole truth by means of omitting the less interesting and dramatic parts. Therefore, the mass media’s influence through the news is that it affects the public both consciously and subconsciously, and in some cases sends us about our lives needlessly fearing the isolated dangers that we see extremely portrayed in the news. The Internet Age The Internet, also dubbed as the World Wide Web (WWW) contains of a web of computers working together and connecting to each other like a spider web, and it permits the individual to research all kinds of material on their computer and learn more and the topic or issue they are after (Finkelhor, et al., 2000).   This is considered to be the newest kind of mass media because it reaches worldwide.   For instance, if one has a webpage made in Thailand somebody in Colombia can view it. That is how remarkable Internet is, distances become shorter and shorter. However, one of the major problems is that Internet is that it is very addictive.   This means that games pressure kids to spend hours and hours sitting down in front of the screen basically wasting time (Finkelhor, et al., 2000). This has a consequence on less kids developing social skills, consequently it connects to the depression problem that most teenagers are suffering from in the 20th century. The Internet has increased dramatically the availability of sexually explicit content. Computer and Internet use is diffusing more rapidly than any previous technology; as of the end of 1999, more than half (56%) of all adults in the United States were online. It is expected that by 2010 most U.S. homes with children will have access to the Internet (Finkenhor, et al., 2000). The word sex is the most popular search term used on the Internet today (Finhelkor et al., 2000). The Internet may have both positive and negative effects on sexual health. According to one national survey of young people (10-17 years old) who regularly used the Internet, one out of four said he or she had encountered unwanted pornography in the past year, and one out of five had been exposed to unwanted sexual solicitations or approaches (Finkelhor et al., 2000). Radio In the case of radio, there was a study, which documented media-social relations and the influence that the radio had over the masses. This is an example of the â€Å"Hypodermic Needle Model†, a theory that claims that the media are leading instruments of influence, able to introduce concepts and behaviors directly into quite static audiences of remote individuals (Bandura, 1994). Moreover, it could likewise be known as revealing the behavioral changes that can be derived from even a single media output but the fundamental case in point of media influence that experts have studied by means of fieldwork or experiments as well. Long-term Effects of Mass Media While in the short term individuals can be expected to evaluate biased information in accordance with their existing beliefs, in the long term the cultural influence of the media on the average beliefs of individuals may be significant. This operates through a process of using the symbolic materials available to us in society and from our interaction with others to formulate a sense of self-identity (which then impinges further on our self-identity through its effects on our interaction with others and our interpretation of the symbolic materials). New encounters and experiences mean the self-image is constantly re-constructed, and the media here is a crucial source of symbolic material of everything in the world outside the private circle: it mediates Habermas public sphere to us, and distortions in that window on the world will impinge on how we perceive the world, how we interact in our private sphere and how we interact with the public sphere (Bandura, 1994). It is because of thi s that many sociologists view the media as negatively affecting the individuals autonomy. However, others have attempted to demonstrate that the media provides an invaluable source of multi-cultural information which enriches ones perception of the world (by enlarging our window of perception on the world) and of life, allows for a well-balanced opinion, and that the interpretation of symbolic interaction is largely dependent on cultural and socio-economic circumstances (Roberts, 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, I can say that mass media does have an effect of society for the simple reason that is has become part of our daily routine. Thus, as media become part of our daily life, I can say that it has a unconscious effect in our habits, like the shopping habits that people has these days, if they something on television, the Internet or the newspapers there is a big possibility that they will consume it. Moreover, media also influences the way society acts because if the media said that something is wrong, society believes it. However, I still believe that it depends upon an individual if he/she allows that he/she will be a slave to their passions and hence they will embrace and follow everthing that the media portrays or dictates them to follow.

Civic Engagement Essay Example

Civic Engagement Essay Example Civic Engagement Essay Civic Engagement Essay Civic Engagement and Political Awareness in the Youth of America Change is inevitable and the popular one hit wonder, Video Killed the Radio Star, echoes a nostalgic desire to appreciate the past. The simple, yet meaningful verse, â€Å"we can’t rewind we’ve gone too far,† drives home the notion that the past is in the past, and one can only move forward. The song directly relates to technological changes in music at that time period. The lyrics give the impression radio will be replaced by visually stimulating music videos; however, the future has proved that radio has not been replaced; music has merely been enhanced by the continuous change of technological advancements. Political scientist and professor, Robert Putnam illustrates in his book, Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, how one of the primary culprits in the decline of political awareness and civic engagement is the new media, for example, the Internet. Further studies suggest this is not necessarily the case. Video Killed the Radio Star mirrors the relentless argument of whether the mass media has hindered or assisted in political awareness and civic activity in adolescents and young adults. The radio made people famous, and even after music videos became popular, music was still streamed through a radio and continues to be used to this day. Studies have shown that civic engagement and political awareness has declined, at all age levels, and yet there is evidence that the mass media can have a positive effect on cultivating social capital, especially in the interest of young voters in America. The issue at hand is not mass media, but how mass media can be used as a means to stay informed on community issues and how it can create a sense of community. In the article, America’s Youth and Community Engagement: How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds, the authors begin by providing troubling evidence, â€Å"Voter turnout in congressional and presidential elections has dropped since 1960†¦ Americans are less involved in political activities ranging from signing petitions to attending rallies† (Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson 115). Putnam compares the decline in civic engagement to the massive decline of bowling leagues; however, as bowling memberships are declining, the number of people bowling has increased. He explains the concept of a bonding capital and a bridging capital within the social capital as a whole. The theory of bonding and bridging can also be described in terms of strong ties and weak ties of networking. Professors Homero Gil de Zuniga and Sebastian Valenzuela explored Putnam’s research further in their article, The Mediating Path to a Stronger Citizenship: Online and Offline Networks, Weak Ties and Civic Engagement, finding it inclusive that bridging, or associating with weak ties provide one with a greater networking base, and therefore more information and resources. Bridging and weak ties are when an individual socializes with people who are different from themselves. Bonding and strong ties are individuals who are linked to each other on varying levels of intimacy; for example, one’s inner circle of friends and family. Putnam additionally points out that bonding and bridging strengthen each other. Because of the decline of bonding, there is a decline in bridging, which he links to the drop of organizational forms of capital due to the mass media. Like Putnam, authors Zuniga and Valenzuela agree that â€Å"larger networks foster civic participation so long as they provide access to weak ties,† yet they take into consideration that the internet is vast with diversity and is not â€Å"geographically bounded,† and therefore â€Å"argue that the online context should be more strongly associated with weak-tie communication than the offline context† (405). According to Zuniga and Valenzuela, this connection shows that internet based networks and weak ties will be more effective than the relationship between personal, offline networking and weak ties. The authors mentioned earlier, Josh Pasek, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson conducted a telephone survey to assess â€Å"12 different uses of mass media as well as awareness of current national politics and time spent in civic activities† in respect to the youth and how mass media is related to political awareness and civic activity (115). If the conclusion made by Zuniga and Valenzuela is accurate, then the new media will have a positive effect on the younger population’s role in developing social capital. Historically, when print media flourished, it served as a way to stay in touch with the community of readers with no face-to-face interaction and â€Å"made possible the development of the modern nation state† (117). Internet is just another mechanism to build social networks, in which interpersonal communication is absent, like the newspaper. However, unlike the newspaper, internet provides individuals with an extensive opportunity to network with people who are not in their inner circle, thus weak ties are created. Furthermore, Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson examine how some forms of media are more effective than others, and explain how media that solely exists to entertain adolescents and young adults can aid in promoting group activities with individuals that can share their experiences and develop a sense of community. They are still experiencing social participation, even if the activity is not directly associated with civic activities. The authors evaluated the 12 different uses of mass media and assessed each media variable based on if it improved political awareness or civic engagement, or both. The researchers also included demographic predictors that would correspond with the study: age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It is apparent that adults would have a higher amount of political knowledge. â€Å"The average education level in our sample was 10. years of schooling†¦ Of respondents, 78. 9 percent were currently students,† which would give them the edge since there are more opportunities to become involved in community service activities and clubs the schools have to offer. Some schools require community service to graduate. Socioeconomic status also plays a role in political awareness and civic engagement. This correlates directly to the fact that individuals who are w ealthier have the resources and means to educate their children and are probably highly educated as well. Race and gender is yet another factor in evaluating political knowledge and civic engagement, whereas â€Å"whites appear more politically aware than Blacks, Hispanics, and other non-Whites†¦ however, race has not been as strongly related in one direction or the other [in regards to civic engagement, and]†¦ women, on average, belong to more associations and organizations than men but tend to exhibit less political knowledge† (123). The results of How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, revealed that if media usage increased in frequency, it had a negative impact on political awareness and civic engagement, which is to be expected. Although reading remained positive, the results showed individuals took longer to develop a well-rounded political knowledge base if their reading increased. This is the cause of a decrease in active engagement with others. The authors could not predict if newspapers increased civic activity, however, it was evident that it increased political awareness. Civic activity was strongly related to political awareness, and the findings also concluded that the Internet increased civic engagement, along with listening to news on the radio, following shows on television, and reading magazines. Not only were civic activities found to be directly related to political awareness, but the media had an overall positive effect on civic engagement and political knowledge. In his research, Putnam fails to assess new ways to approach civic engagement and political awareness, and instead looks to the old. Relating civic engagement to the decline of bowling leagues seems futile to the reader, especially to a young adult. As society changes, activities change; people change. The youth of today are more interested in modern technology, which is why more candidates should reevaluate how they approach the younger generation in regards to the elections and make use of the Internet during elections. Because young voters are growing up in a time when technology is usually readily available to them, they look mostly to the web for political information. Youth turnout for the 2004 elections showed â€Å"marked increases. † Most likely prompted by the war in Iraq, intense efforts were made to ensure younger generations were actively engaged throughout the campaigns. New media tools were also used, with websites put up that focused on attracting the younger population to politics; â€Å"an estimated 28 percent of 18- 29-year-olds received most of their information about the campaigns via the Internet in 2004, making them the age group most reliant on new media for political information about the election† (Xenos and Bennett 444). However, in the article The Disconnection in Online Politics, Michael Xenos and W. Lance Bennett stress the fact that although younger voters are participating online, they are less likely to visit a site that is sponsored by a specific party or electoral candidate. Unfortunately, politicians are very slow when adapting to the modern world of technology, and do not make use of the web to attract young voters. On sites like Rock the Vote, they give young voters access to interactive features, and yet links to websites with related political information and resources are not easily accessible. Young voters only attain a morsel of information from youth engagement websites. Between 2002 and 2004, Xenos and Bennett conducted an extensive analysis of political sites that focused on youth involvement, as well as electoral sites, and they found the â€Å"overall pattern is one of overlap† (456). The candidates’ websites were not designed to attract young voters. They merely addressed the same issues on their sites as seen on the youth sites; however, on the electoral sites they clearly were not reaching out to the younger population of voters. Professional consultants correlate politicians’ indifference to youth voters because senior citizens have a higher voting rate. Xenos and Bennett express their disappointment, â€Å"younger voters who ignore politicians largely do so because politicians largely ignore them† (457). It is ironic because voters are less involved in politics due to politicians’ lack of interest in their appeals, and politicians show disregard for the youth because of their low voting turnout and vice versa. If politicians, our leaders, are putting the youth aside, who is going to devote the time to inform the younger generation of the importance on civic activities and political awareness? In correlation with the decline of adult involvement in social participation and volunteering, people simply do not have the time or energy to devote to their own needs, let alone join a civic organization. In today’s society, both parents work to make ends meet. There are usually a higher percentage of female volunteers to male volunteers, but now that women are taking on raising children, housework, and working an additional 15 hours per week than men, the idea of becoming involved in community activities is overwhelming. The economy is in a stale state, and since the 1970s, the percentage of single mothers has increased dramatically (Freedman 246). Children are being isolated more often than not, which can also result in the disregard for community and civic engagement. Mentoring programs are unreliable, and many adolescents and young adults are left in the dark without an adult role model: â€Å"In his essay â€Å"Building Community, John Gardner [Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor at Stanford Business School] offers both consolation and wisdom about the historical process of community erosion and renewal†¦ â€Å"disintegration of human communities is as old as human history†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"We can’t know all the forms community will take, but we know the values and the kinds of supporting structures we want to preserve. We are a community building species. We might become remarkably ingenious at creating new forms of community for a swiftly changing world. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Freedman 248) Robert Putnam insists on looking to the old, and if he must, he should look at the potential of civic renewal in the volunteering of senior citizens. Over the past thirty years, the population of Americans over the age of 65 has doubled and will continue to increase. Marc Freedman, the author of the article, Towards Civic Renewal, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, expresses his faith in the nation’s retirees to change the deterioration of volunteerism in the U. S. , where children are in need of the most help. If children at an earlier age gained better insight into what it means to have a sense of community and belonging, they would have a better awareness of civic engagement and a broader knowledge base of politics on the state, local, and national level. Senior citizens also have the time, and there is evidence that implies older adults are looking to stay active in their communities; â€Å"As one recent U. S Administration on Aging-sponsored survey reveals, a full 37. percent of older Americans say they would volunteer if asked, while an additional 25. 6 percent already volunteering indicate that they would like to devote more time to service,† and they prefer to work with the younger generation (Freedman 249). Not only will it help the children, but it will also help the senior citizens. 55 percent of seniors feel a sense of uselessness when they retire†¦ a 25-yr National Institute of Mental Health study finds, for example, that â€Å"highly organized activity is the single strongest predictor, other than not smoking, of longevity and vitality† (Freedman 250). The local and federal government is known for lost proposals. Perhaps some of them would have been successfully planned out and put into action if accepted, and Freedman makes the idea of senior involvement seem feasible. Freedman provides the reader with examples of effective programs in community involvement created by the older population; one example is a â€Å"union-sponsored initiative that helps nonviolent juvenile offenders find and keep blue-collar jobs. Freedman goes onto explain to doubtful readers that are thinking, where is this money going to come from? America’s budget is steadily falling into a rabbit hole, and yet the author is confident in the â€Å"†talent, experience and commitment† of older adults,† and their ability to organize well and get tasks completed quickly and effectively (252). Civic engagement and political awareness is declining because of the absence of an inspiring role model in the youth of today, and this program shows r omise of creating a healthier sense of community for the older and the younger generations. Reiterating authors’, Homero Gil de Zuniga and SebastianValenzuela’s earlier consensus, the decline in civic engagement is not the consequence of the mass media and modern age of technology. The importance of weak ties through the Internet is actually seen through the web of networking that people from all over the world create, which ignites a stronger relationship in civic participation than networking face-to-face with weak ties. This finding was reinforced by the study on various media uses in the article; How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, where the end result is conclusive with Zuniga and Valenzuela’s evidence. The media can enhance civic engagement and political awareness if used sparingly and in the right context. â€Å"The mind is a double edged sword. It has immense power and it is capable of accomplishing both useful and destructive feats. † (Atharva Veda http://thinkexist. com/quotes/atharva_veda/). It is not the media that is destructive. The minds of the populace are ignoring the real issue at hand. The mind could be used more effectively in developing new ideas to encourage civic engagement and political awareness in the younger population. The media actually promotes civic participation and therefore is directly related to political awareness; overall the media has a positive effect on social capital. It is the communities’ job to instill these values on the children so they can grow into informed adults and have their own opinions and ideas, passing those values onto their children and so on. Bibliography Freedom, Mark. Towards Civic Renewal. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 28. 3 (1997): 243-63. EBSCOhost. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 11 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J083v28n03_08. Pasek, Josh, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen H. Jamieson. Americas Youth andCommunity Engagement: How Use of Mass Media Is Related to Civic Activity andPolitical Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds | DeepDyve. DeepDyve Millions ofArticles At Your Fingertips. Sage, 27

Food allergies and safety in a food service establishment Research Paper

Food allergies and safety in a food service establishment - Research Paper Example Most restaurants are more than happy to substitute food items in regard to food allergies. The allergic person should never assume the food he is allergic to is not in the dish, just because it is not listed in the ingredients. Always ask for a complete ingredient list before ordering anything. Again using a garlic allergy as example, he should clearly state the medical issue to the server, asking for assistance in confirming with the cook staff which dishes do not contain any garlic. Most restaurants substitute items in regards to food allergies. All food service establishments must be aware of the  Food Allergy Notification Law. Restaurants can download the pre-set  Food Allergy Labels, print or copy onto label sheets and apply to printed menus. Yes, food allergy is complicated and can be fatal. But with proper information and communication with the food establishment it can be totally prevented. Always do remember, that prevention is better than cure. Works Cited Page Adam, â €˜Restaurants on Food Allergy’, Right Health, 2009.Magazine. 10 May 2011 Sicherer, ‘Food Allergies’, Food Allergy Initiative, 2009.Web.10 May 10 2011 Mayo, â€Å"Food Allergy, Mayo Foundation for Medical Educ. Research†, np.10 May 2011

Flexibility development in the warehouse planning and design for Essay

Flexibility development in the warehouse planning and design for future - Essay Example Simple data warehousing (long-term storage of detailed data) may be useful for archival purposes to back up ad hoc databases from direct training or training management. However, the requirements of tomorrow's warehousing software involves the active participation of not a large amount of workers, rather a few number of man power is required along with an appropriate qualification and motivation to do the job. Such individuals would be well trained to make the software a success with ease in work. They would be active enough to participate in demand planning to anticipate market demand, supply planning to allocate the right amount of enterprise resources to meet consumer's demand and demand fulfilment to fill customer orders quickly and efficiently. This form of data is of little use for strategic training management. An analogy would be a collection of partially manufactured subassemblies and raw materials that require significant processing in order to become a final product usable by strategic training management. Because of the need to combine data across such categories as schools, time, and budget categories, the amount of disaggregated and descriptive data is likely to cause a scale problem today. By this we mean both the amount of storage space required to hold these data and the amount of time needed to combine and manipulate the data to make them useful for decision-making. This won't happen in future warehousing software. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Technology Systems would be involved in warehousing to great extent in the form of transceiver, transponder or in the form of a tag which by using throughout the supply chain, configure-to-order assemblers would closely coordinate the arrival of components for final assembly. Future warehouse management technologies would perform the function of finite scheduling and process sequencing of orders thereby managing all the constraints of the present warehousing that includes insufficient labour, physical space and value added processing. Many formerly custom-programmed features are now built into today's Warehouse Management Systems. Functionality often includes batch picking, zone selection, and velocity analysis as well as Web interface functions, E-commerce applications, inventory visibility productivity metrics, inventory cycle counting, labour management, and the ability to support multiple facilities from a single computer. The concept underlying today's Warehousing System software is to build an end-to-end, process-integrated logistics flow. In addition, there is a higher level of configurability. In the future, Warehousing Management System functionality will continue to broaden. For example, adding postponement and a visual-process modelling tool so that the warehouse management system will respond to change more easily. There will be an increasing focus on dynamic

Contemporary Issues in Food and Nutrition for Adolescents Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Issues in Food and Nutrition for Adolescents Essay Contemporary Issues in Food and Nutrition for Adolescents The importance of establishing health promoting practices during childhood and adolescence has long been recognized by nutritionists and other health professionals. The purpose of this paper is to investigate further the issues relating to adolescents diets and contributing factors. Contributing factors include the increase of fast food consumption, unconventional meal patterns and lack of exercise. During adolescence, the influences on eating habits are numerous. The growing independence of adolescents, increased participation in social life and a generally busy schedule of activities have a great impact on food intake. ? In the September 2007 issue of Health Promotion International, a survey of 18,486 secondary school students at 322 schools across all Australian states (except Western Australia) has found that a significant proportion of students fall short of current, national dietary and physical activity recommendations for teenagers. A new study suggests that as teens enter adulthood, they are more likely to skip meals, resulting in a very unconventional meal pattern. Breakfast is frequently neglected and omitted more often by teenagers as they enter high school as they see it as an unnecessary hassle. These diets are likely to be bizarre and unbalanced. Though appetite is great, meal times tend to be irregular due to pre-occupation with school, other social activities or even a part time job. Therefore snacking in between meals is common. Skipping breakfast, for example, can lead to greater levels of hunger later in the day, causing overeating, or the choosing of heavy foods that fill you up faster, but may lack nutritional values. For teenage girls, lunch is usually skipped as a way of controlling weight. As adolescents go through puberty, they are bound to feel more pressured by their peers about the shape and size of their body, sexual development, and their general appearance. Due to this pressure, they are more likely to be self-conscious, resulting in unstable diets. These diets are usually also caused by the increasing amount of junk food consumption. The increase in junk food consumption is an important factor in a teens diet. This could be due to the increased independence and responsibility for food preparation that adolescents face during this developmental transition. Fast food, such as McDonalds, is a quick, easy and tasty option for aging adolescents who may have a busy day-to-day schedule and who may be used to relying on parents to prepare their meals. Also published in the September issue of Health Promotion International, a survey indicates that secondary school students between the ages of 12 and 17 are consuming far too much junk food and not enough vegetables and fruit. The survey found that only 20% of students were meeting the daily requirement of four serves of vegetables while 39% were eating the recommended three daily serves of fruit. Our survey found consumption of unhealthy/non-core foods was high, with 46% of students having fast food meals at least twice a week, 51% eating snack foods four or more times per week, and 44% having high-energy drinks four or more times per week, states Dr Victoria White, from the Centre of Behavioural Research in Victoria. The survey findings also highlight the need for secondary students to spend more time being physically active and less time in front of the television and computer. The problem of childhood obesity has recently skyrocketed, mainly in the Western nations. Established in an online article on the website For Parents, By Parents, approximately 16-33% of children and teens are considered obese. While obesity is one of the easiest medical conditions to diagnosis, it can be one of the most difficult to treat. The same online article also states that poor diet and lack of exercise results in over 300,000 deaths every year. We found that only 14% of students engaged in recommended levels of physical activity and about 70% exceeded recommended levels of sedentary behaviour, Dr Victoria White once again states. Current recommendations state teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity every day and spend no more than 2 hours per day using electronic media for entertainment. Unhealthy weight increases during adolescence have been associated with fasting insulin, increased levels of cholesterol and risk factors for heart disease and systolic blood pressure in young adulthood. Since adolescent obesity is a significant predictor of overweight status in adulthood, it is important to identify dietary behaviours early on that are associated with unhealthy weight gain in order to create effective interventions. It has been investigated that the three of the largest factors in adolescents diets include their unconventional meal pattern, increasing of junk food consumption and lack of exercise. The increased snack food intake and lack of required exercise result in a very disproportioned and unbalanced diet, which eventually leads to other fatal diseases such as risk of heart failure. Therefore, adolescents diet should be observed carefully to avoid an unhealthy epidemic.

The Influence of Technology on Literature Essay -- Computers Digital E

The Influence of Technology on Literature This essay will discuss the way new technologies have influenced some of the areas of literature. Whilst the writer of this essay acknowledges the development of cyber books for their pure entertainment value, this essay will focus on the influence of new technology in the practical advances in the literature and associated industries. This includes the influences that new technology has had on the entertainment aspect, the educational aspect, the industry aspect and the employment aspect. This essay will discuss the influence that new technologies and new uses for old technologies have had on some aspects of literature and the producers and consumers of books. This includes authors, publishers and of course the reader. The purpose of this article is to convince the reader that new technologies have a place in literature and that through an adoption rather than a fear of these technologies both authors, publishers and readers can benefit. The first issue to be considered is the influence and implications of new technologies on authors. For example, voice activated software. Voice activated software and writing materials are not a new technology. However, particularly in the literature industry it would appear that its full use is only just being recognised. Howell (2004) interviewed someone who he claims is a noted and famous author and reports of the nerve damage incurred in his elbow after years of typing at a typewriter and then computer whilst writing books. Unfortunately, being self-employed, workers compensation didn’t ‘kick in’ for this author and he was forced to think outside the box to find an alternative to continue his career. This author adapted voice activated soft... ...Some Technology Holdouts Find Computers Distracting, Impersonal. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, 1. Howell, K. (2004). New Technology Solves Old Cases and Writes New Books. 2004, 25(16), 38. Lewis, P. (2004). Prose and Cons: Sony new E-Book. Fortune, 150(5), 62-64. Prain, V., & Hand, B. (2003). Using new technologies for learning: A case study of a whole-school approach. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 35(4), 441-447. Roush, W. (2002). The death of digital rights management? Technology Review, 105(2), 24-26. Staley, D. (2003). The Future of the book in a digital age. The Futurist, 37(5), 18. Strayhorn, C. K. (2004). Teaching the Tech-savvy. Fiscal Notes, 6-5. White, J., Anthony, J., Weeks, A. C., & Druin, A. (2004). The International Children's Digital Library: Exploring Digital Libraries for Children. Bookbird, 42(2), 8-15. The Influence of Technology on Literature Essay -- Computers Digital E The Influence of Technology on Literature This essay will discuss the way new technologies have influenced some of the areas of literature. Whilst the writer of this essay acknowledges the development of cyber books for their pure entertainment value, this essay will focus on the influence of new technology in the practical advances in the literature and associated industries. This includes the influences that new technology has had on the entertainment aspect, the educational aspect, the industry aspect and the employment aspect. This essay will discuss the influence that new technologies and new uses for old technologies have had on some aspects of literature and the producers and consumers of books. This includes authors, publishers and of course the reader. The purpose of this article is to convince the reader that new technologies have a place in literature and that through an adoption rather than a fear of these technologies both authors, publishers and readers can benefit. The first issue to be considered is the influence and implications of new technologies on authors. For example, voice activated software. Voice activated software and writing materials are not a new technology. However, particularly in the literature industry it would appear that its full use is only just being recognised. Howell (2004) interviewed someone who he claims is a noted and famous author and reports of the nerve damage incurred in his elbow after years of typing at a typewriter and then computer whilst writing books. Unfortunately, being self-employed, workers compensation didn’t ‘kick in’ for this author and he was forced to think outside the box to find an alternative to continue his career. This author adapted voice activated soft... ...Some Technology Holdouts Find Computers Distracting, Impersonal. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, 1. Howell, K. (2004). New Technology Solves Old Cases and Writes New Books. 2004, 25(16), 38. Lewis, P. (2004). Prose and Cons: Sony new E-Book. Fortune, 150(5), 62-64. Prain, V., & Hand, B. (2003). Using new technologies for learning: A case study of a whole-school approach. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 35(4), 441-447. Roush, W. (2002). The death of digital rights management? Technology Review, 105(2), 24-26. Staley, D. (2003). The Future of the book in a digital age. The Futurist, 37(5), 18. Strayhorn, C. K. (2004). Teaching the Tech-savvy. Fiscal Notes, 6-5. White, J., Anthony, J., Weeks, A. C., & Druin, A. (2004). The International Children's Digital Library: Exploring Digital Libraries for Children. Bookbird, 42(2), 8-15.

Life Is Too Easy for People Essay

That depends entirely on the young person, some are very challenged and some are not and the way this affects them varies from individual to individual. No doubt some, through no fault of their own are very understimulated and could achieve more with a bit more pressure, some are also overstimulated and might achieve more if the entire world backed off and left them alone for a little bit. Take for example the young person in the UK who wants to go to university – their path is pretty much mapped out and loans are guaranteed. They can have a pretty easy time of it all the way up to graduation and get by (if they choose) without ever being really stretched in life (although if they leave Chipping Sodbury Technical College with a third class degree in wine tasting and a 50k debt it will catch up with them pretty rapidly). On the other side of things take the young person who wants to learn a trade, buy a house and raise a family. Apprenticeships are hard to come by and do not offer a living wage while starter house prices in many areas stand at fifteen years of tradesman’s wages before tax. This is not an easy start in life by anyone’s estimation. The only thing for certain is that our current state of affairs was largely influenced by the economic and social policies of our forebears which leaves me a little unsure who has the right to moan about the situation even if young people do, broadly speaking, have an easier time nowadays.

Legalizing Prostitution Is Better Than Just A Socially...

Prostitution has been present in nearly all cultures throughout every period of human history. It is one of the world’s oldest professions. Prostitution has survived throughout the years as a profession based on the idea that most civilizations are driven by some form of economics and are made up of individuals who are driven by sex. Our modern society, with our improved knowledge of health and safe sex practices, as well as better screening methods and means of social control, is ready to responsibly sustain this ancient profession. By approaching the subject from a variety of angles, I will illustrate that legalizing and regulating prostitution is better than just a socially feasible option. It’s a beneficial one. The debate is more†¦show more content†¦So a massage therapist is not a prostitute; so a professional dominatrix who spanks and humiliates, but does not touch genitals is not a prostitute; b) genital contact for pleasure? so a urologist is not a prostitute; so an erotic masseur is a prostitute... c) genital contact for pleasure that includes penetration? So erotic masseurs are not prostitutes d) genital contact for pleasure that includes penetration in circumstances where the provider feels shame, fear, pain or exposes themselves or others to disease; so escorts who are highly selective about their clients and enjoy their work are not prostitutes† (Ince). These kind of semantic discussions, though interesting, do little to address the many real problems that have been associated with prostitution since the dawn of civilization. Disease, sex-trafficking, inhumane exploitation, drug addiction and rape are all thought of as typical characteristics of the trade, and for good reason. It’s a dangerous job, where the protection of a cruel pimp may be your only option if you don’t want to have to fend for yourself on the streets. To begin this discussion, one must first begin exploring what is known about the specific nature of these problems and dangers, and see where the data may hint at solutions. According to a study conducted in 2012, a prostitute has a 4 5%-75% chance of encountering violence related to their profession over